The Origins of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) Explained !

Posted by Aniket Rai on

ISIL(Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ) aka ISIS ( Islamic State of Iraq and Syria )is the most prominent danger to the world rose from theMiddle east. The group has been designated a terrorist organisation by the United Nations and many individual countries


ORIGIN

  • In the Gulf War-I (1990) Iraq used Chemical & Biological weapons against its Enemies,USA failed to remove Saddam Hussein .
  • In 1998 Clinton assigned CIA to remove Saddam and replace with the democratic regime in Iraq but it failed due to 9/11(2001) attacks.
  • After this attack it empowered USA with Authorized use of Military Force (AVMF) creating war against Iraq and Afghanistan , leading to USA invasion in Afghanistan(2001) 
  • Iraq was instructed by UN to remove all weapons (Chemical & Biological ) after the gulf war, which Iraq didn't comply with.
  • UN Weapon Inspector Hans Blix informed the Security Council that Iraq is in possession of Weapons of Mass Destruction.
  • US now invaded in Iraq(March 2003) and launched operation Iraqi Freedom.
  • Saddam was hanged in Dec 2003.
  • Iraq has a Shia majority. Saddam was a Sunni Muslim. A Shia majority nation was controlled by Sunni minority and a Sunni leader. After US invasion they went with Shias as they were the majority. 
  • This created an inherent sense of betrayal and a rising number of Sunni extremist groups who unleashed violence and chaos in Iraq eg. Jamat al Tawhid Wa-i-Jihad (JTWD) by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi .
  • in 2004 JTWD & al Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) joined Hands, due to Anti Shia goals.
  • Al-Zarqawi bought pro-Sunni, anti-Shia groups togrther as Majilis Shura-al-Mujaheeden (MSM).
  • 2006 -Al-Zarqawi is killed in a US strike. Abu Ayyub al-Masri takes his place as leader of AQI.changes name to  Islamic State of Iraq (ISI), 
  • in 2010 Al Masri died and was replaced by Omar al-Baghdadi as its leader.
  • By 2013   Jabhat al-Nusra, also known as the al-Nusra Front enters Syria as ISL to expand. Al-Baghdadi s Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL or ISIS).
  • But Al Qaeda renounces ties to ISIS after months of infighting between al-Nusra Front and ISIS. where Bagadhi won and gained control over entire Iraq and Syria.

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